![David Mendez, PhD](img/PERSON_Mendez_dmendez.jpg)
![Rafael Meza, PhD](img/PERSON_Meza_rmeza_2023.jpg)
![David Levy, PhD](img/PERSON_Levy_david.jpg)
“Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US”
Despite their recent emergence, e-cigarette use has varied considerably across US adolescent cohorts. After early increases, e-cigarette use and initiation peaked with the 2005 birth cohort. These patterns are in contrast with the continuous decreases by cohort in cigarette, cigar, and smokeless use and initiation. As the tobacco product landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor patterns of use of adolescent and young adult cohorts as they age into adulthood.
AUTHORS: Rossana Torres-Alvarez, Jihyoun Jeon, David T Levy, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: Preventive medicine.
POSTED: Mon June 24, 2024
Oral nicotine pouches – like Zyn and Velo in the U.S. – appear to be less toxic than cigarettes and deliver comparable levels of nicotine. This makes them an alternative for people who smoke. However, people who’ve never smoked are using them, too, and youth are open to trying them. These are key findings of our recent systematic review, published in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.
POSTED: Mon Jun 17, 2024
“The Potential Impact of Oral Nicotine Pouches on Public Health: A Scoping Review”
ONPs appear to be less toxic than cigarettes and deliver comparable nicotine, presenting an alternative for combustible product users, although key data are mainly available from industry-funded studies. Data from independent research is critically needed. Industry marketing of ONPs may encourage initiation in youth and situational and dual use in adults.
AUTHORS: Nargiz Travis, MScPH, Kenneth E Warner, PhD, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD, Hayoung Oh, MPH, Radhika Ranganathan, MScPH, Rafael Meza, PhD, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, PhD, David T Levy, PhD JOURNAL: Nicotine & Tobacco Research.
POSTED: Mon Jun 17, 2024
“A Quarter of Smokers Quit Under Menthol Bans, Study Finds” in the New York Times
In a study in 2021 that used a model to assess the effects of a menthol ban, David Levy, a Georgetown University oncology professor, found that it could lead to an overall reduction in smoking of about 15 percent. By 2060, the study projected, as many as 11 million years of life could be gained rather than lost to smoking-related deaths.
“These effects are delayed, but nevertheless important.”— CAsToR Principal Investigator David Levy, PhD
TAGS: #MentholBan
POSTED: Mar 4, 2024
“A quarter of smokers quit within a year or two of menthol bans” on CNN
“It adds to the already very compelling evidence that banning menthol would result in fewer people smoking cigarettes and provide higher public health benefits, especially for populations that have pretty high rates of use, particularly Black Americans. There’s just more and more evidence every day that it would be a good idea to do a ban.” — CAsToR Principal Investigator Rafael Meza, PhD
TAGS: #MentholBan
POSTED: Feb 21, 2024
“Most Americans Are Quitting Smoking—Except For Those Over 65” in Time magazine
Public health campaigns and programs outlining the dangers of smoking aren’t really aimed at older adults, says Rafael Meza, an integrative oncologist at the BC Cancer Research Institute in Vancouver and the lead author of a new study on adult smoking. “In the U.S., smoking really has a generational pattern,” he says. Meza’s new analysis, published Dec. 1 in JAMA Health Forum, shows that while people ages 40 through 64 smoke the most, Americans 65 and above are picking up the habit in a way nobody else is. While the prevalence of regular smokers dropped to 15.2% down from 21.2% in a little over a decade for that middle-aged group, older adults saw an increase from 8.7% to 9.4% in the same time frame.
POSTED: Dec 7, 2023
“Trends in US Adult Smoking Prevalence, 2011 to 2022”
Is smoking still decreasing among US adults and do the trends vary by age, income, and race and ethnicity? In this cross-sectional study of 353,555 adults responding to the 2011 to 2022 National Health Interview Surveys, adults younger than 40 years had dramatic declines in smoking prevalence during the last decade, especially among those with higher incomes. In contrast, relatively slow declines were observed among adults aged 40 to 64 years, with no decrease in smoking among those 65 years or older. These findings suggest that the precipitous decline in smoking among younger adults should be maintained, but that additional efforts are required to further reduce smoking in older adults.
AUTHORS: Rafael Meza, PhD, Pianpian Cao, PhD, MPH, Jihyoun Jeon, PhD, MS, Kenneth E. Warner, PhD, David T. Levy, PhD JOURNAL: JAMA Health Forum.
POSTED: Fri Dec 01, 2023
Center based at U-M receives $20M to research tobacco use
“Tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, is responsible for 480,000 premature deaths in the U.S. The extended funding will allow us to analyze how policies are likely to influence tobacco use habits among different populations and help to determine the best interventions to reduce, and maybe eliminate, the smoking toll,” said David Mendez, professor of health management and policy in SPH. “We are thrilled to continue CAsToR’s work assessing the impact of tobacco use and regulations, as well as continuing our efforts to train a new generation of tobacco regulatory scientists and modelers,” Meza said. “To date, our center has made important contributions to the development of U.S. tobacco regulations — such as the forthcoming cigarette menthol ban — and we look forward to continuing our work to further reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.”
POSTED: Thu Nov 2, 2023
“Changing patterns of cigarette and ENDS transitions in the USA: a multistate transition analysis of adults in the PATH Study in 2017–2019 vs 2019–2021”
Understanding product transitions is key to determining the likely public health benefit or harm of ENDS. If ENDS promote cigarette cessation, reduced smoking, or divert those who would have otherwise smoked, there would be a benefit to public health.However, there remain concerns about youth initiation, particularly as many flavors are targeted to youth, as well as concerns that ENDS may interfere with long-term cigarette cessation because of continued or enhanced nicotine addiction.
AUTHORS: Andrew F Brouwer, Jihyoun Jeon, Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, Stephanie R Land, Theodore R Holford, Abigail S Friedman, Jamie Tam, Ritesh Mistry, David T Levy, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: medRxiv.
POSTED: Mon October 23, 2023
“E-cigarette Flavor Restrictions’ Effects on Tobacco Product Sales”
Over 375 US localities and 7 states have adopted permanent restrictions on sales of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (“ENDS”). These policies’ effects on combustible cigarette use (“smoking”), a more lethal habit, remain unclear. Matching new flavor policy data to retail sales data, we find a tradeoff of 15 additional cigarettes for every 1 less 0.7 mL ENDS pod sold due to ENDS flavor restrictions. Further, cigarette sales increase even among brands disproportionately used by underage youth. Thus, any public health benefits of reducing ENDS use via flavor restrictions may be offset by public health costs from increased cigarette sales.
AUTHORS: Abigail Friedman, Alex C. Liber, Alyssa Crippen, Michael Pesko JOURNAL: SSRN.
POSTED: Tue October 03, 2023
“Cigarettes, ENDS Use, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Incidence: A Prospective Longitudinal Study”
ENDS use did not significantly increase the risk of self-reported incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over a 5-year period once current smoking status and cigarette pack years were included. Cigarette pack years, by contrast, remained associated with a net increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence risk. These findings highlight the importance of using prospective longitudinal data and adequately controlling for cigarette smoking history to assess the independent health effects of ENDS.
AUTHORS: Steven F. Cook PhD, Jana L. Hirschtick PhD, Nancy L. Fleischer PhD, Douglas A. Arenberg MD, Geoffrey D. Barnes MD, MSc, David T. Levy PhD, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero PhD, Jihyoun Jeon PhD, Rafael Meza PhD JOURNAL: American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
POSTED: Tue Mar 07, 2023
“Targeted menthol cigarette ads helped lead to high Black usage. Should they be banned?”
David Mendez, a lead author of the Michigan study and a health management and policy professor at the university, said menthol cigarettes reduce the irritation and harshness of smoking through their smooth, minty flavor profile. Because the cigarette user does not cough or feel the less healthy aspects of smoking, they are less inclined to quit, he said. Menthol also works with nicotine to enhance nicotine's addictive effects. Banning menthol will save thousands of lives, Mendez said. “This is the closest we have been,“ Mendez said of the proposed prohibition.
TAGS: #MentholBan
POSTED: Mon Aug 8, 2022
With the US Food and Drug Administration recently proposing to implement a ban on menthol cigarettes, it is critical to estimate the potential public health effects of such a ban. With high rates of menthol cigarette use and important smoking-related health disparity implications, the impact of the ban on the non-Hispanic black (NHB) population merits strong consideration.
AUTHORS: Mona Issabakhsh, Rafael Meza, Yameng Li, Zhe Yuan, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, David T Levy JOURNAL: Tobacco Control
POSTED: Wed Jun 15, 2022
The FDA has opened the public comment period for the agency’s proposed ban on menthol cigarettes. Epidemiology and global health professor Rafael Meza studies data modeling in disease prevention and cancer risk. David Mendez, who studies smoking cessation and tobacco control policies, is an associate professor of health management and policy. These University of Michigan researchers found that, in a 38-year period, African Americans suffered most of the harmful effects of menthol cigarettes. Now the researchers have developed a model to simulate the possible benefits of the menthol ban, based on studies of population trends in tobacco use. As experts on the behavioral and public health aspects of smoking, they explain the role of menthol in smoking-related illness and death.
TAGS: #MentholBan
POSTED: Wed May 18, 2022
CAsToR junior investigator Alyssa Crippen, PhD
CAsToR junior investigator, Alyssa Crippen, PhD, describes her personal journey changing her research career from geophysics to tobacco regulations modeling. She also discusses the importance of computational modeling in making this change and in conducting her current work for CAsToR, which focuses on understanding how tobacco regulations affect long-term health outcomes and health disparities.
POSTED: Mon Jun 3, 2024